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Source file src/math/big/floatconv.go

Documentation: math/big

     1  // Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // This file implements string-to-Float conversion functions.
     6  
     7  package big
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	"fmt"
    11  	"io"
    12  	"strings"
    13  )
    14  
    15  var floatZero Float
    16  
    17  // SetString sets z to the value of s and returns z and a boolean indicating
    18  // success. s must be a floating-point number of the same format as accepted
    19  // by Parse, with base argument 0. The entire string (not just a prefix) must
    20  // be valid for success. If the operation failed, the value of z is undefined
    21  // but the returned value is nil.
    22  func (z *Float) SetString(s string) (*Float, bool) {
    23  	if f, _, err := z.Parse(s, 0); err == nil {
    24  		return f, true
    25  	}
    26  	return nil, false
    27  }
    28  
    29  // scan is like Parse but reads the longest possible prefix representing a valid
    30  // floating point number from an io.ByteScanner rather than a string. It serves
    31  // as the implementation of Parse. It does not recognize ±Inf and does not expect
    32  // EOF at the end.
    33  func (z *Float) scan(r io.ByteScanner, base int) (f *Float, b int, err error) {
    34  	prec := z.prec
    35  	if prec == 0 {
    36  		prec = 64
    37  	}
    38  
    39  	// A reasonable value in case of an error.
    40  	z.form = zero
    41  
    42  	// sign
    43  	z.neg, err = scanSign(r)
    44  	if err != nil {
    45  		return
    46  	}
    47  
    48  	// mantissa
    49  	var fcount int // fractional digit count; valid if <= 0
    50  	z.mant, b, fcount, err = z.mant.scan(r, base, true)
    51  	if err != nil {
    52  		return
    53  	}
    54  
    55  	// exponent
    56  	var exp int64
    57  	var ebase int
    58  	exp, ebase, err = scanExponent(r, true, base == 0)
    59  	if err != nil {
    60  		return
    61  	}
    62  
    63  	// special-case 0
    64  	if len(z.mant) == 0 {
    65  		z.prec = prec
    66  		z.acc = Exact
    67  		z.form = zero
    68  		f = z
    69  		return
    70  	}
    71  	// len(z.mant) > 0
    72  
    73  	// The mantissa may have a radix point (fcount <= 0) and there
    74  	// may be a nonzero exponent exp. The radix point amounts to a
    75  	// division by b**(-fcount). An exponent means multiplication by
    76  	// ebase**exp. Finally, mantissa normalization (shift left) requires
    77  	// a correcting multiplication by 2**(-shiftcount). Multiplications
    78  	// are commutative, so we can apply them in any order as long as there
    79  	// is no loss of precision. We only have powers of 2 and 10, and
    80  	// we split powers of 10 into the product of the same powers of
    81  	// 2 and 5. This reduces the size of the multiplication factor
    82  	// needed for base-10 exponents.
    83  
    84  	// normalize mantissa and determine initial exponent contributions
    85  	exp2 := int64(len(z.mant))*_W - fnorm(z.mant)
    86  	exp5 := int64(0)
    87  
    88  	// determine binary or decimal exponent contribution of radix point
    89  	if fcount < 0 {
    90  		// The mantissa has a radix point ddd.dddd; and
    91  		// -fcount is the number of digits to the right
    92  		// of '.'. Adjust relevant exponent accordingly.
    93  		d := int64(fcount)
    94  		switch b {
    95  		case 10:
    96  			exp5 = d
    97  			fallthrough // 10**e == 5**e * 2**e
    98  		case 2:
    99  			exp2 += d
   100  		case 8:
   101  			exp2 += d * 3 // octal digits are 3 bits each
   102  		case 16:
   103  			exp2 += d * 4 // hexadecimal digits are 4 bits each
   104  		default:
   105  			panic("unexpected mantissa base")
   106  		}
   107  		// fcount consumed - not needed anymore
   108  	}
   109  
   110  	// take actual exponent into account
   111  	switch ebase {
   112  	case 10:
   113  		exp5 += exp
   114  		fallthrough // see fallthrough above
   115  	case 2:
   116  		exp2 += exp
   117  	default:
   118  		panic("unexpected exponent base")
   119  	}
   120  	// exp consumed - not needed anymore
   121  
   122  	// apply 2**exp2
   123  	if MinExp <= exp2 && exp2 <= MaxExp {
   124  		z.prec = prec
   125  		z.form = finite
   126  		z.exp = int32(exp2)
   127  		f = z
   128  	} else {
   129  		err = fmt.Errorf("exponent overflow")
   130  		return
   131  	}
   132  
   133  	if exp5 == 0 {
   134  		// no decimal exponent contribution
   135  		z.round(0)
   136  		return
   137  	}
   138  	// exp5 != 0
   139  
   140  	// apply 5**exp5
   141  	p := new(Float).SetPrec(z.Prec() + 64) // use more bits for p -- TODO(gri) what is the right number?
   142  	if exp5 < 0 {
   143  		z.Quo(z, p.pow5(uint64(-exp5)))
   144  	} else {
   145  		z.Mul(z, p.pow5(uint64(exp5)))
   146  	}
   147  
   148  	return
   149  }
   150  
   151  // These powers of 5 fit into a uint64.
   152  //
   153  //	for p, q := uint64(0), uint64(1); p < q; p, q = q, q*5 {
   154  //		fmt.Println(q)
   155  //	}
   156  //
   157  var pow5tab = [...]uint64{
   158  	1,
   159  	5,
   160  	25,
   161  	125,
   162  	625,
   163  	3125,
   164  	15625,
   165  	78125,
   166  	390625,
   167  	1953125,
   168  	9765625,
   169  	48828125,
   170  	244140625,
   171  	1220703125,
   172  	6103515625,
   173  	30517578125,
   174  	152587890625,
   175  	762939453125,
   176  	3814697265625,
   177  	19073486328125,
   178  	95367431640625,
   179  	476837158203125,
   180  	2384185791015625,
   181  	11920928955078125,
   182  	59604644775390625,
   183  	298023223876953125,
   184  	1490116119384765625,
   185  	7450580596923828125,
   186  }
   187  
   188  // pow5 sets z to 5**n and returns z.
   189  // n must not be negative.
   190  func (z *Float) pow5(n uint64) *Float {
   191  	const m = uint64(len(pow5tab) - 1)
   192  	if n <= m {
   193  		return z.SetUint64(pow5tab[n])
   194  	}
   195  	// n > m
   196  
   197  	z.SetUint64(pow5tab[m])
   198  	n -= m
   199  
   200  	// use more bits for f than for z
   201  	// TODO(gri) what is the right number?
   202  	f := new(Float).SetPrec(z.Prec() + 64).SetUint64(5)
   203  
   204  	for n > 0 {
   205  		if n&1 != 0 {
   206  			z.Mul(z, f)
   207  		}
   208  		f.Mul(f, f)
   209  		n >>= 1
   210  	}
   211  
   212  	return z
   213  }
   214  
   215  // Parse parses s which must contain a text representation of a floating-
   216  // point number with a mantissa in the given conversion base (the exponent
   217  // is always a decimal number), or a string representing an infinite value.
   218  //
   219  // For base 0, an underscore character ``_'' may appear between a base
   220  // prefix and an adjacent digit, and between successive digits; such
   221  // underscores do not change the value of the number, or the returned
   222  // digit count. Incorrect placement of underscores is reported as an
   223  // error if there are no other errors. If base != 0, underscores are
   224  // not recognized and thus terminate scanning like any other character
   225  // that is not a valid radix point or digit.
   226  //
   227  // It sets z to the (possibly rounded) value of the corresponding floating-
   228  // point value, and returns z, the actual base b, and an error err, if any.
   229  // The entire string (not just a prefix) must be consumed for success.
   230  // If z's precision is 0, it is changed to 64 before rounding takes effect.
   231  // The number must be of the form:
   232  //
   233  //     number    = [ sign ] ( float | "inf" | "Inf" ) .
   234  //     sign      = "+" | "-" .
   235  //     float     = ( mantissa | prefix pmantissa ) [ exponent ] .
   236  //     prefix    = "0" [ "b" | "B" | "o" | "O" | "x" | "X" ] .
   237  //     mantissa  = digits "." [ digits ] | digits | "." digits .
   238  //     pmantissa = [ "_" ] digits "." [ digits ] | [ "_" ] digits | "." digits .
   239  //     exponent  = ( "e" | "E" | "p" | "P" ) [ sign ] digits .
   240  //     digits    = digit { [ "_" ] digit } .
   241  //     digit     = "0" ... "9" | "a" ... "z" | "A" ... "Z" .
   242  //
   243  // The base argument must be 0, 2, 8, 10, or 16. Providing an invalid base
   244  // argument will lead to a run-time panic.
   245  //
   246  // For base 0, the number prefix determines the actual base: A prefix of
   247  // ``0b'' or ``0B'' selects base 2, ``0o'' or ``0O'' selects base 8, and
   248  // ``0x'' or ``0X'' selects base 16. Otherwise, the actual base is 10 and
   249  // no prefix is accepted. The octal prefix "0" is not supported (a leading
   250  // "0" is simply considered a "0").
   251  //
   252  // A "p" or "P" exponent indicates a base 2 (rather then base 10) exponent;
   253  // for instance, "0x1.fffffffffffffp1023" (using base 0) represents the
   254  // maximum float64 value. For hexadecimal mantissae, the exponent character
   255  // must be one of 'p' or 'P', if present (an "e" or "E" exponent indicator
   256  // cannot be distinguished from a mantissa digit).
   257  //
   258  // The returned *Float f is nil and the value of z is valid but not
   259  // defined if an error is reported.
   260  //
   261  func (z *Float) Parse(s string, base int) (f *Float, b int, err error) {
   262  	// scan doesn't handle ±Inf
   263  	if len(s) == 3 && (s == "Inf" || s == "inf") {
   264  		f = z.SetInf(false)
   265  		return
   266  	}
   267  	if len(s) == 4 && (s[0] == '+' || s[0] == '-') && (s[1:] == "Inf" || s[1:] == "inf") {
   268  		f = z.SetInf(s[0] == '-')
   269  		return
   270  	}
   271  
   272  	r := strings.NewReader(s)
   273  	if f, b, err = z.scan(r, base); err != nil {
   274  		return
   275  	}
   276  
   277  	// entire string must have been consumed
   278  	if ch, err2 := r.ReadByte(); err2 == nil {
   279  		err = fmt.Errorf("expected end of string, found %q", ch)
   280  	} else if err2 != io.EOF {
   281  		err = err2
   282  	}
   283  
   284  	return
   285  }
   286  
   287  // ParseFloat is like f.Parse(s, base) with f set to the given precision
   288  // and rounding mode.
   289  func ParseFloat(s string, base int, prec uint, mode RoundingMode) (f *Float, b int, err error) {
   290  	return new(Float).SetPrec(prec).SetMode(mode).Parse(s, base)
   291  }
   292  
   293  var _ fmt.Scanner = (*Float)(nil) // *Float must implement fmt.Scanner
   294  
   295  // Scan is a support routine for fmt.Scanner; it sets z to the value of
   296  // the scanned number. It accepts formats whose verbs are supported by
   297  // fmt.Scan for floating point values, which are:
   298  // 'b' (binary), 'e', 'E', 'f', 'F', 'g' and 'G'.
   299  // Scan doesn't handle ±Inf.
   300  func (z *Float) Scan(s fmt.ScanState, ch rune) error {
   301  	s.SkipSpace()
   302  	_, _, err := z.scan(byteReader{s}, 0)
   303  	return err
   304  }
   305  

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