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Source file src/net/http/httputil/reverseproxy.go

Documentation: net/http/httputil

     1  // Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // HTTP reverse proxy handler
     6  
     7  package httputil
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	"context"
    11  	"fmt"
    12  	"io"
    13  	"log"
    14  	"net"
    15  	"net/http"
    16  	"net/http/internal/ascii"
    17  	"net/textproto"
    18  	"net/url"
    19  	"strings"
    20  	"sync"
    21  	"time"
    22  
    23  	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts"
    24  )
    25  
    26  // ReverseProxy is an HTTP Handler that takes an incoming request and
    27  // sends it to another server, proxying the response back to the
    28  // client.
    29  //
    30  // ReverseProxy by default sets the client IP as the value of the
    31  // X-Forwarded-For header.
    32  //
    33  // If an X-Forwarded-For header already exists, the client IP is
    34  // appended to the existing values. As a special case, if the header
    35  // exists in the Request.Header map but has a nil value (such as when
    36  // set by the Director func), the X-Forwarded-For header is
    37  // not modified.
    38  //
    39  // To prevent IP spoofing, be sure to delete any pre-existing
    40  // X-Forwarded-For header coming from the client or
    41  // an untrusted proxy.
    42  type ReverseProxy struct {
    43  	// Director must be a function which modifies
    44  	// the request into a new request to be sent
    45  	// using Transport. Its response is then copied
    46  	// back to the original client unmodified.
    47  	// Director must not access the provided Request
    48  	// after returning.
    49  	Director func(*http.Request)
    50  
    51  	// The transport used to perform proxy requests.
    52  	// If nil, http.DefaultTransport is used.
    53  	Transport http.RoundTripper
    54  
    55  	// FlushInterval specifies the flush interval
    56  	// to flush to the client while copying the
    57  	// response body.
    58  	// If zero, no periodic flushing is done.
    59  	// A negative value means to flush immediately
    60  	// after each write to the client.
    61  	// The FlushInterval is ignored when ReverseProxy
    62  	// recognizes a response as a streaming response, or
    63  	// if its ContentLength is -1; for such responses, writes
    64  	// are flushed to the client immediately.
    65  	FlushInterval time.Duration
    66  
    67  	// ErrorLog specifies an optional logger for errors
    68  	// that occur when attempting to proxy the request.
    69  	// If nil, logging is done via the log package's standard logger.
    70  	ErrorLog *log.Logger
    71  
    72  	// BufferPool optionally specifies a buffer pool to
    73  	// get byte slices for use by io.CopyBuffer when
    74  	// copying HTTP response bodies.
    75  	BufferPool BufferPool
    76  
    77  	// ModifyResponse is an optional function that modifies the
    78  	// Response from the backend. It is called if the backend
    79  	// returns a response at all, with any HTTP status code.
    80  	// If the backend is unreachable, the optional ErrorHandler is
    81  	// called without any call to ModifyResponse.
    82  	//
    83  	// If ModifyResponse returns an error, ErrorHandler is called
    84  	// with its error value. If ErrorHandler is nil, its default
    85  	// implementation is used.
    86  	ModifyResponse func(*http.Response) error
    87  
    88  	// ErrorHandler is an optional function that handles errors
    89  	// reaching the backend or errors from ModifyResponse.
    90  	//
    91  	// If nil, the default is to log the provided error and return
    92  	// a 502 Status Bad Gateway response.
    93  	ErrorHandler func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, error)
    94  }
    95  
    96  // A BufferPool is an interface for getting and returning temporary
    97  // byte slices for use by io.CopyBuffer.
    98  type BufferPool interface {
    99  	Get() []byte
   100  	Put([]byte)
   101  }
   102  
   103  func singleJoiningSlash(a, b string) string {
   104  	aslash := strings.HasSuffix(a, "/")
   105  	bslash := strings.HasPrefix(b, "/")
   106  	switch {
   107  	case aslash && bslash:
   108  		return a + b[1:]
   109  	case !aslash && !bslash:
   110  		return a + "/" + b
   111  	}
   112  	return a + b
   113  }
   114  
   115  func joinURLPath(a, b *url.URL) (path, rawpath string) {
   116  	if a.RawPath == "" && b.RawPath == "" {
   117  		return singleJoiningSlash(a.Path, b.Path), ""
   118  	}
   119  	// Same as singleJoiningSlash, but uses EscapedPath to determine
   120  	// whether a slash should be added
   121  	apath := a.EscapedPath()
   122  	bpath := b.EscapedPath()
   123  
   124  	aslash := strings.HasSuffix(apath, "/")
   125  	bslash := strings.HasPrefix(bpath, "/")
   126  
   127  	switch {
   128  	case aslash && bslash:
   129  		return a.Path + b.Path[1:], apath + bpath[1:]
   130  	case !aslash && !bslash:
   131  		return a.Path + "/" + b.Path, apath + "/" + bpath
   132  	}
   133  	return a.Path + b.Path, apath + bpath
   134  }
   135  
   136  // NewSingleHostReverseProxy returns a new ReverseProxy that routes
   137  // URLs to the scheme, host, and base path provided in target. If the
   138  // target's path is "/base" and the incoming request was for "/dir",
   139  // the target request will be for /base/dir.
   140  // NewSingleHostReverseProxy does not rewrite the Host header.
   141  // To rewrite Host headers, use ReverseProxy directly with a custom
   142  // Director policy.
   143  func NewSingleHostReverseProxy(target *url.URL) *ReverseProxy {
   144  	targetQuery := target.RawQuery
   145  	director := func(req *http.Request) {
   146  		req.URL.Scheme = target.Scheme
   147  		req.URL.Host = target.Host
   148  		req.URL.Path, req.URL.RawPath = joinURLPath(target, req.URL)
   149  		if targetQuery == "" || req.URL.RawQuery == "" {
   150  			req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + req.URL.RawQuery
   151  		} else {
   152  			req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + "&" + req.URL.RawQuery
   153  		}
   154  		if _, ok := req.Header["User-Agent"]; !ok {
   155  			// explicitly disable User-Agent so it's not set to default value
   156  			req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "")
   157  		}
   158  	}
   159  	return &ReverseProxy{Director: director}
   160  }
   161  
   162  func copyHeader(dst, src http.Header) {
   163  	for k, vv := range src {
   164  		for _, v := range vv {
   165  			dst.Add(k, v)
   166  		}
   167  	}
   168  }
   169  
   170  // Hop-by-hop headers. These are removed when sent to the backend.
   171  // As of RFC 7230, hop-by-hop headers are required to appear in the
   172  // Connection header field. These are the headers defined by the
   173  // obsoleted RFC 2616 (section 13.5.1) and are used for backward
   174  // compatibility.
   175  var hopHeaders = []string{
   176  	"Connection",
   177  	"Proxy-Connection", // non-standard but still sent by libcurl and rejected by e.g. google
   178  	"Keep-Alive",
   179  	"Proxy-Authenticate",
   180  	"Proxy-Authorization",
   181  	"Te",      // canonicalized version of "TE"
   182  	"Trailer", // not Trailers per URL above; https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?eid=4522
   183  	"Transfer-Encoding",
   184  	"Upgrade",
   185  }
   186  
   187  func (p *ReverseProxy) defaultErrorHandler(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, err error) {
   188  	p.logf("http: proxy error: %v", err)
   189  	rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadGateway)
   190  }
   191  
   192  func (p *ReverseProxy) getErrorHandler() func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, error) {
   193  	if p.ErrorHandler != nil {
   194  		return p.ErrorHandler
   195  	}
   196  	return p.defaultErrorHandler
   197  }
   198  
   199  // modifyResponse conditionally runs the optional ModifyResponse hook
   200  // and reports whether the request should proceed.
   201  func (p *ReverseProxy) modifyResponse(rw http.ResponseWriter, res *http.Response, req *http.Request) bool {
   202  	if p.ModifyResponse == nil {
   203  		return true
   204  	}
   205  	if err := p.ModifyResponse(res); err != nil {
   206  		res.Body.Close()
   207  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, err)
   208  		return false
   209  	}
   210  	return true
   211  }
   212  
   213  func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
   214  	transport := p.Transport
   215  	if transport == nil {
   216  		transport = http.DefaultTransport
   217  	}
   218  
   219  	ctx := req.Context()
   220  	if cn, ok := rw.(http.CloseNotifier); ok {
   221  		var cancel context.CancelFunc
   222  		ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
   223  		defer cancel()
   224  		notifyChan := cn.CloseNotify()
   225  		go func() {
   226  			select {
   227  			case <-notifyChan:
   228  				cancel()
   229  			case <-ctx.Done():
   230  			}
   231  		}()
   232  	}
   233  
   234  	outreq := req.Clone(ctx)
   235  	if req.ContentLength == 0 {
   236  		outreq.Body = nil // Issue 16036: nil Body for http.Transport retries
   237  	}
   238  	if outreq.Body != nil {
   239  		// Reading from the request body after returning from a handler is not
   240  		// allowed, and the RoundTrip goroutine that reads the Body can outlive
   241  		// this handler. This can lead to a crash if the handler panics (see
   242  		// Issue 46866). Although calling Close doesn't guarantee there isn't
   243  		// any Read in flight after the handle returns, in practice it's safe to
   244  		// read after closing it.
   245  		defer outreq.Body.Close()
   246  	}
   247  	if outreq.Header == nil {
   248  		outreq.Header = make(http.Header) // Issue 33142: historical behavior was to always allocate
   249  	}
   250  
   251  	p.Director(outreq)
   252  	outreq.Close = false
   253  
   254  	reqUpType := upgradeType(outreq.Header)
   255  	if !ascii.IsPrint(reqUpType) {
   256  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("client tried to switch to invalid protocol %q", reqUpType))
   257  		return
   258  	}
   259  	removeConnectionHeaders(outreq.Header)
   260  
   261  	// Remove hop-by-hop headers to the backend. Especially
   262  	// important is "Connection" because we want a persistent
   263  	// connection, regardless of what the client sent to us.
   264  	for _, h := range hopHeaders {
   265  		outreq.Header.Del(h)
   266  	}
   267  
   268  	// Issue 21096: tell backend applications that care about trailer support
   269  	// that we support trailers. (We do, but we don't go out of our way to
   270  	// advertise that unless the incoming client request thought it was worth
   271  	// mentioning.) Note that we look at req.Header, not outreq.Header, since
   272  	// the latter has passed through removeConnectionHeaders.
   273  	if httpguts.HeaderValuesContainsToken(req.Header["Te"], "trailers") {
   274  		outreq.Header.Set("Te", "trailers")
   275  	}
   276  
   277  	// After stripping all the hop-by-hop connection headers above, add back any
   278  	// necessary for protocol upgrades, such as for websockets.
   279  	if reqUpType != "" {
   280  		outreq.Header.Set("Connection", "Upgrade")
   281  		outreq.Header.Set("Upgrade", reqUpType)
   282  	}
   283  
   284  	if clientIP, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(req.RemoteAddr); err == nil {
   285  		// If we aren't the first proxy retain prior
   286  		// X-Forwarded-For information as a comma+space
   287  		// separated list and fold multiple headers into one.
   288  		prior, ok := outreq.Header["X-Forwarded-For"]
   289  		omit := ok && prior == nil // Issue 38079: nil now means don't populate the header
   290  		if len(prior) > 0 {
   291  			clientIP = strings.Join(prior, ", ") + ", " + clientIP
   292  		}
   293  		if !omit {
   294  			outreq.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", clientIP)
   295  		}
   296  	}
   297  
   298  	res, err := transport.RoundTrip(outreq)
   299  	if err != nil {
   300  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, outreq, err)
   301  		return
   302  	}
   303  
   304  	// Deal with 101 Switching Protocols responses: (WebSocket, h2c, etc)
   305  	if res.StatusCode == http.StatusSwitchingProtocols {
   306  		if !p.modifyResponse(rw, res, outreq) {
   307  			return
   308  		}
   309  		p.handleUpgradeResponse(rw, outreq, res)
   310  		return
   311  	}
   312  
   313  	removeConnectionHeaders(res.Header)
   314  
   315  	for _, h := range hopHeaders {
   316  		res.Header.Del(h)
   317  	}
   318  
   319  	if !p.modifyResponse(rw, res, outreq) {
   320  		return
   321  	}
   322  
   323  	copyHeader(rw.Header(), res.Header)
   324  
   325  	// The "Trailer" header isn't included in the Transport's response,
   326  	// at least for *http.Transport. Build it up from Trailer.
   327  	announcedTrailers := len(res.Trailer)
   328  	if announcedTrailers > 0 {
   329  		trailerKeys := make([]string, 0, len(res.Trailer))
   330  		for k := range res.Trailer {
   331  			trailerKeys = append(trailerKeys, k)
   332  		}
   333  		rw.Header().Add("Trailer", strings.Join(trailerKeys, ", "))
   334  	}
   335  
   336  	rw.WriteHeader(res.StatusCode)
   337  
   338  	err = p.copyResponse(rw, res.Body, p.flushInterval(res))
   339  	if err != nil {
   340  		defer res.Body.Close()
   341  		// Since we're streaming the response, if we run into an error all we can do
   342  		// is abort the request. Issue 23643: ReverseProxy should use ErrAbortHandler
   343  		// on read error while copying body.
   344  		if !shouldPanicOnCopyError(req) {
   345  			p.logf("suppressing panic for copyResponse error in test; copy error: %v", err)
   346  			return
   347  		}
   348  		panic(http.ErrAbortHandler)
   349  	}
   350  	res.Body.Close() // close now, instead of defer, to populate res.Trailer
   351  
   352  	if len(res.Trailer) > 0 {
   353  		// Force chunking if we saw a response trailer.
   354  		// This prevents net/http from calculating the length for short
   355  		// bodies and adding a Content-Length.
   356  		if fl, ok := rw.(http.Flusher); ok {
   357  			fl.Flush()
   358  		}
   359  	}
   360  
   361  	if len(res.Trailer) == announcedTrailers {
   362  		copyHeader(rw.Header(), res.Trailer)
   363  		return
   364  	}
   365  
   366  	for k, vv := range res.Trailer {
   367  		k = http.TrailerPrefix + k
   368  		for _, v := range vv {
   369  			rw.Header().Add(k, v)
   370  		}
   371  	}
   372  }
   373  
   374  var inOurTests bool // whether we're in our own tests
   375  
   376  // shouldPanicOnCopyError reports whether the reverse proxy should
   377  // panic with http.ErrAbortHandler. This is the right thing to do by
   378  // default, but Go 1.10 and earlier did not, so existing unit tests
   379  // weren't expecting panics. Only panic in our own tests, or when
   380  // running under the HTTP server.
   381  func shouldPanicOnCopyError(req *http.Request) bool {
   382  	if inOurTests {
   383  		// Our tests know to handle this panic.
   384  		return true
   385  	}
   386  	if req.Context().Value(http.ServerContextKey) != nil {
   387  		// We seem to be running under an HTTP server, so
   388  		// it'll recover the panic.
   389  		return true
   390  	}
   391  	// Otherwise act like Go 1.10 and earlier to not break
   392  	// existing tests.
   393  	return false
   394  }
   395  
   396  // removeConnectionHeaders removes hop-by-hop headers listed in the "Connection" header of h.
   397  // See RFC 7230, section 6.1
   398  func removeConnectionHeaders(h http.Header) {
   399  	for _, f := range h["Connection"] {
   400  		for _, sf := range strings.Split(f, ",") {
   401  			if sf = textproto.TrimString(sf); sf != "" {
   402  				h.Del(sf)
   403  			}
   404  		}
   405  	}
   406  }
   407  
   408  // flushInterval returns the p.FlushInterval value, conditionally
   409  // overriding its value for a specific request/response.
   410  func (p *ReverseProxy) flushInterval(res *http.Response) time.Duration {
   411  	resCT := res.Header.Get("Content-Type")
   412  
   413  	// For Server-Sent Events responses, flush immediately.
   414  	// The MIME type is defined in https://www.w3.org/TR/eventsource/#text-event-stream
   415  	if resCT == "text/event-stream" {
   416  		return -1 // negative means immediately
   417  	}
   418  
   419  	// We might have the case of streaming for which Content-Length might be unset.
   420  	if res.ContentLength == -1 {
   421  		return -1
   422  	}
   423  
   424  	return p.FlushInterval
   425  }
   426  
   427  func (p *ReverseProxy) copyResponse(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, flushInterval time.Duration) error {
   428  	if flushInterval != 0 {
   429  		if wf, ok := dst.(writeFlusher); ok {
   430  			mlw := &maxLatencyWriter{
   431  				dst:     wf,
   432  				latency: flushInterval,
   433  			}
   434  			defer mlw.stop()
   435  
   436  			// set up initial timer so headers get flushed even if body writes are delayed
   437  			mlw.flushPending = true
   438  			mlw.t = time.AfterFunc(flushInterval, mlw.delayedFlush)
   439  
   440  			dst = mlw
   441  		}
   442  	}
   443  
   444  	var buf []byte
   445  	if p.BufferPool != nil {
   446  		buf = p.BufferPool.Get()
   447  		defer p.BufferPool.Put(buf)
   448  	}
   449  	_, err := p.copyBuffer(dst, src, buf)
   450  	return err
   451  }
   452  
   453  // copyBuffer returns any write errors or non-EOF read errors, and the amount
   454  // of bytes written.
   455  func (p *ReverseProxy) copyBuffer(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, buf []byte) (int64, error) {
   456  	if len(buf) == 0 {
   457  		buf = make([]byte, 32*1024)
   458  	}
   459  	var written int64
   460  	for {
   461  		nr, rerr := src.Read(buf)
   462  		if rerr != nil && rerr != io.EOF && rerr != context.Canceled {
   463  			p.logf("httputil: ReverseProxy read error during body copy: %v", rerr)
   464  		}
   465  		if nr > 0 {
   466  			nw, werr := dst.Write(buf[:nr])
   467  			if nw > 0 {
   468  				written += int64(nw)
   469  			}
   470  			if werr != nil {
   471  				return written, werr
   472  			}
   473  			if nr != nw {
   474  				return written, io.ErrShortWrite
   475  			}
   476  		}
   477  		if rerr != nil {
   478  			if rerr == io.EOF {
   479  				rerr = nil
   480  			}
   481  			return written, rerr
   482  		}
   483  	}
   484  }
   485  
   486  func (p *ReverseProxy) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
   487  	if p.ErrorLog != nil {
   488  		p.ErrorLog.Printf(format, args...)
   489  	} else {
   490  		log.Printf(format, args...)
   491  	}
   492  }
   493  
   494  type writeFlusher interface {
   495  	io.Writer
   496  	http.Flusher
   497  }
   498  
   499  type maxLatencyWriter struct {
   500  	dst     writeFlusher
   501  	latency time.Duration // non-zero; negative means to flush immediately
   502  
   503  	mu           sync.Mutex // protects t, flushPending, and dst.Flush
   504  	t            *time.Timer
   505  	flushPending bool
   506  }
   507  
   508  func (m *maxLatencyWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
   509  	m.mu.Lock()
   510  	defer m.mu.Unlock()
   511  	n, err = m.dst.Write(p)
   512  	if m.latency < 0 {
   513  		m.dst.Flush()
   514  		return
   515  	}
   516  	if m.flushPending {
   517  		return
   518  	}
   519  	if m.t == nil {
   520  		m.t = time.AfterFunc(m.latency, m.delayedFlush)
   521  	} else {
   522  		m.t.Reset(m.latency)
   523  	}
   524  	m.flushPending = true
   525  	return
   526  }
   527  
   528  func (m *maxLatencyWriter) delayedFlush() {
   529  	m.mu.Lock()
   530  	defer m.mu.Unlock()
   531  	if !m.flushPending { // if stop was called but AfterFunc already started this goroutine
   532  		return
   533  	}
   534  	m.dst.Flush()
   535  	m.flushPending = false
   536  }
   537  
   538  func (m *maxLatencyWriter) stop() {
   539  	m.mu.Lock()
   540  	defer m.mu.Unlock()
   541  	m.flushPending = false
   542  	if m.t != nil {
   543  		m.t.Stop()
   544  	}
   545  }
   546  
   547  func upgradeType(h http.Header) string {
   548  	if !httpguts.HeaderValuesContainsToken(h["Connection"], "Upgrade") {
   549  		return ""
   550  	}
   551  	return h.Get("Upgrade")
   552  }
   553  
   554  func (p *ReverseProxy) handleUpgradeResponse(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, res *http.Response) {
   555  	reqUpType := upgradeType(req.Header)
   556  	resUpType := upgradeType(res.Header)
   557  	if !ascii.IsPrint(resUpType) { // We know reqUpType is ASCII, it's checked by the caller.
   558  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("backend tried to switch to invalid protocol %q", resUpType))
   559  	}
   560  	if !ascii.EqualFold(reqUpType, resUpType) {
   561  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("backend tried to switch protocol %q when %q was requested", resUpType, reqUpType))
   562  		return
   563  	}
   564  
   565  	hj, ok := rw.(http.Hijacker)
   566  	if !ok {
   567  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("can't switch protocols using non-Hijacker ResponseWriter type %T", rw))
   568  		return
   569  	}
   570  	backConn, ok := res.Body.(io.ReadWriteCloser)
   571  	if !ok {
   572  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("internal error: 101 switching protocols response with non-writable body"))
   573  		return
   574  	}
   575  
   576  	backConnCloseCh := make(chan bool)
   577  	go func() {
   578  		// Ensure that the cancellation of a request closes the backend.
   579  		// See issue https://golang.org/issue/35559.
   580  		select {
   581  		case <-req.Context().Done():
   582  		case <-backConnCloseCh:
   583  		}
   584  		backConn.Close()
   585  	}()
   586  
   587  	defer close(backConnCloseCh)
   588  
   589  	conn, brw, err := hj.Hijack()
   590  	if err != nil {
   591  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("Hijack failed on protocol switch: %v", err))
   592  		return
   593  	}
   594  	defer conn.Close()
   595  
   596  	copyHeader(rw.Header(), res.Header)
   597  
   598  	res.Header = rw.Header()
   599  	res.Body = nil // so res.Write only writes the headers; we have res.Body in backConn above
   600  	if err := res.Write(brw); err != nil {
   601  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("response write: %v", err))
   602  		return
   603  	}
   604  	if err := brw.Flush(); err != nil {
   605  		p.getErrorHandler()(rw, req, fmt.Errorf("response flush: %v", err))
   606  		return
   607  	}
   608  	errc := make(chan error, 1)
   609  	spc := switchProtocolCopier{user: conn, backend: backConn}
   610  	go spc.copyToBackend(errc)
   611  	go spc.copyFromBackend(errc)
   612  	<-errc
   613  	return
   614  }
   615  
   616  // switchProtocolCopier exists so goroutines proxying data back and
   617  // forth have nice names in stacks.
   618  type switchProtocolCopier struct {
   619  	user, backend io.ReadWriter
   620  }
   621  
   622  func (c switchProtocolCopier) copyFromBackend(errc chan<- error) {
   623  	_, err := io.Copy(c.user, c.backend)
   624  	errc <- err
   625  }
   626  
   627  func (c switchProtocolCopier) copyToBackend(errc chan<- error) {
   628  	_, err := io.Copy(c.backend, c.user)
   629  	errc <- err
   630  }
   631  

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