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Source file src/runtime/os_linux.go

Documentation: runtime

     1  // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  package runtime
     6  
     7  import (
     8  	"runtime/internal/sys"
     9  	"unsafe"
    10  )
    11  
    12  type mOS struct{}
    13  
    14  //go:noescape
    15  func futex(addr unsafe.Pointer, op int32, val uint32, ts, addr2 unsafe.Pointer, val3 uint32) int32
    16  
    17  // Linux futex.
    18  //
    19  //	futexsleep(uint32 *addr, uint32 val)
    20  //	futexwakeup(uint32 *addr)
    21  //
    22  // Futexsleep atomically checks if *addr == val and if so, sleeps on addr.
    23  // Futexwakeup wakes up threads sleeping on addr.
    24  // Futexsleep is allowed to wake up spuriously.
    25  
    26  const (
    27  	_FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG = 128
    28  	_FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE = 0 | _FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG
    29  	_FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE = 1 | _FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG
    30  )
    31  
    32  // Atomically,
    33  //	if(*addr == val) sleep
    34  // Might be woken up spuriously; that's allowed.
    35  // Don't sleep longer than ns; ns < 0 means forever.
    36  //go:nosplit
    37  func futexsleep(addr *uint32, val uint32, ns int64) {
    38  	// Some Linux kernels have a bug where futex of
    39  	// FUTEX_WAIT returns an internal error code
    40  	// as an errno. Libpthread ignores the return value
    41  	// here, and so can we: as it says a few lines up,
    42  	// spurious wakeups are allowed.
    43  	if ns < 0 {
    44  		futex(unsafe.Pointer(addr), _FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, val, nil, nil, 0)
    45  		return
    46  	}
    47  
    48  	var ts timespec
    49  	ts.setNsec(ns)
    50  	futex(unsafe.Pointer(addr), _FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, val, unsafe.Pointer(&ts), nil, 0)
    51  }
    52  
    53  // If any procs are sleeping on addr, wake up at most cnt.
    54  //go:nosplit
    55  func futexwakeup(addr *uint32, cnt uint32) {
    56  	ret := futex(unsafe.Pointer(addr), _FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, cnt, nil, nil, 0)
    57  	if ret >= 0 {
    58  		return
    59  	}
    60  
    61  	// I don't know that futex wakeup can return
    62  	// EAGAIN or EINTR, but if it does, it would be
    63  	// safe to loop and call futex again.
    64  	systemstack(func() {
    65  		print("futexwakeup addr=", addr, " returned ", ret, "\n")
    66  	})
    67  
    68  	*(*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(0x1006))) = 0x1006
    69  }
    70  
    71  func getproccount() int32 {
    72  	// This buffer is huge (8 kB) but we are on the system stack
    73  	// and there should be plenty of space (64 kB).
    74  	// Also this is a leaf, so we're not holding up the memory for long.
    75  	// See golang.org/issue/11823.
    76  	// The suggested behavior here is to keep trying with ever-larger
    77  	// buffers, but we don't have a dynamic memory allocator at the
    78  	// moment, so that's a bit tricky and seems like overkill.
    79  	const maxCPUs = 64 * 1024
    80  	var buf [maxCPUs / 8]byte
    81  	r := sched_getaffinity(0, unsafe.Sizeof(buf), &buf[0])
    82  	if r < 0 {
    83  		return 1
    84  	}
    85  	n := int32(0)
    86  	for _, v := range buf[:r] {
    87  		for v != 0 {
    88  			n += int32(v & 1)
    89  			v >>= 1
    90  		}
    91  	}
    92  	if n == 0 {
    93  		n = 1
    94  	}
    95  	return n
    96  }
    97  
    98  // Clone, the Linux rfork.
    99  const (
   100  	_CLONE_VM             = 0x100
   101  	_CLONE_FS             = 0x200
   102  	_CLONE_FILES          = 0x400
   103  	_CLONE_SIGHAND        = 0x800
   104  	_CLONE_PTRACE         = 0x2000
   105  	_CLONE_VFORK          = 0x4000
   106  	_CLONE_PARENT         = 0x8000
   107  	_CLONE_THREAD         = 0x10000
   108  	_CLONE_NEWNS          = 0x20000
   109  	_CLONE_SYSVSEM        = 0x40000
   110  	_CLONE_SETTLS         = 0x80000
   111  	_CLONE_PARENT_SETTID  = 0x100000
   112  	_CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID = 0x200000
   113  	_CLONE_UNTRACED       = 0x800000
   114  	_CLONE_CHILD_SETTID   = 0x1000000
   115  	_CLONE_STOPPED        = 0x2000000
   116  	_CLONE_NEWUTS         = 0x4000000
   117  	_CLONE_NEWIPC         = 0x8000000
   118  
   119  	// As of QEMU 2.8.0 (5ea2fc84d), user emulation requires all six of these
   120  	// flags to be set when creating a thread; attempts to share the other
   121  	// five but leave SYSVSEM unshared will fail with -EINVAL.
   122  	//
   123  	// In non-QEMU environments CLONE_SYSVSEM is inconsequential as we do not
   124  	// use System V semaphores.
   125  
   126  	cloneFlags = _CLONE_VM | /* share memory */
   127  		_CLONE_FS | /* share cwd, etc */
   128  		_CLONE_FILES | /* share fd table */
   129  		_CLONE_SIGHAND | /* share sig handler table */
   130  		_CLONE_SYSVSEM | /* share SysV semaphore undo lists (see issue #20763) */
   131  		_CLONE_THREAD /* revisit - okay for now */
   132  )
   133  
   134  //go:noescape
   135  func clone(flags int32, stk, mp, gp, fn unsafe.Pointer) int32
   136  
   137  // May run with m.p==nil, so write barriers are not allowed.
   138  //go:nowritebarrier
   139  func newosproc(mp *m) {
   140  	stk := unsafe.Pointer(mp.g0.stack.hi)
   141  	/*
   142  	 * note: strace gets confused if we use CLONE_PTRACE here.
   143  	 */
   144  	if false {
   145  		print("newosproc stk=", stk, " m=", mp, " g=", mp.g0, " clone=", funcPC(clone), " id=", mp.id, " ostk=", &mp, "\n")
   146  	}
   147  
   148  	// Disable signals during clone, so that the new thread starts
   149  	// with signals disabled. It will enable them in minit.
   150  	var oset sigset
   151  	sigprocmask(_SIG_SETMASK, &sigset_all, &oset)
   152  	ret := clone(cloneFlags, stk, unsafe.Pointer(mp), unsafe.Pointer(mp.g0), unsafe.Pointer(funcPC(mstart)))
   153  	sigprocmask(_SIG_SETMASK, &oset, nil)
   154  
   155  	if ret < 0 {
   156  		print("runtime: failed to create new OS thread (have ", mcount(), " already; errno=", -ret, ")\n")
   157  		if ret == -_EAGAIN {
   158  			println("runtime: may need to increase max user processes (ulimit -u)")
   159  		}
   160  		throw("newosproc")
   161  	}
   162  }
   163  
   164  // Version of newosproc that doesn't require a valid G.
   165  //go:nosplit
   166  func newosproc0(stacksize uintptr, fn unsafe.Pointer) {
   167  	stack := sysAlloc(stacksize, &memstats.stacks_sys)
   168  	if stack == nil {
   169  		write(2, unsafe.Pointer(&failallocatestack[0]), int32(len(failallocatestack)))
   170  		exit(1)
   171  	}
   172  	ret := clone(cloneFlags, unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(stack)+stacksize), nil, nil, fn)
   173  	if ret < 0 {
   174  		write(2, unsafe.Pointer(&failthreadcreate[0]), int32(len(failthreadcreate)))
   175  		exit(1)
   176  	}
   177  }
   178  
   179  var failallocatestack = []byte("runtime: failed to allocate stack for the new OS thread\n")
   180  var failthreadcreate = []byte("runtime: failed to create new OS thread\n")
   181  
   182  const (
   183  	_AT_NULL   = 0  // End of vector
   184  	_AT_PAGESZ = 6  // System physical page size
   185  	_AT_HWCAP  = 16 // hardware capability bit vector
   186  	_AT_RANDOM = 25 // introduced in 2.6.29
   187  	_AT_HWCAP2 = 26 // hardware capability bit vector 2
   188  )
   189  
   190  var procAuxv = []byte("/proc/self/auxv\x00")
   191  
   192  var addrspace_vec [1]byte
   193  
   194  func mincore(addr unsafe.Pointer, n uintptr, dst *byte) int32
   195  
   196  func sysargs(argc int32, argv **byte) {
   197  	n := argc + 1
   198  
   199  	// skip over argv, envp to get to auxv
   200  	for argv_index(argv, n) != nil {
   201  		n++
   202  	}
   203  
   204  	// skip NULL separator
   205  	n++
   206  
   207  	// now argv+n is auxv
   208  	auxv := (*[1 << 28]uintptr)(add(unsafe.Pointer(argv), uintptr(n)*sys.PtrSize))
   209  	if sysauxv(auxv[:]) != 0 {
   210  		return
   211  	}
   212  	// In some situations we don't get a loader-provided
   213  	// auxv, such as when loaded as a library on Android.
   214  	// Fall back to /proc/self/auxv.
   215  	fd := open(&procAuxv[0], 0 /* O_RDONLY */, 0)
   216  	if fd < 0 {
   217  		// On Android, /proc/self/auxv might be unreadable (issue 9229), so we fallback to
   218  		// try using mincore to detect the physical page size.
   219  		// mincore should return EINVAL when address is not a multiple of system page size.
   220  		const size = 256 << 10 // size of memory region to allocate
   221  		p, err := mmap(nil, size, _PROT_READ|_PROT_WRITE, _MAP_ANON|_MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0)
   222  		if err != 0 {
   223  			return
   224  		}
   225  		var n uintptr
   226  		for n = 4 << 10; n < size; n <<= 1 {
   227  			err := mincore(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(p)+n), 1, &addrspace_vec[0])
   228  			if err == 0 {
   229  				physPageSize = n
   230  				break
   231  			}
   232  		}
   233  		if physPageSize == 0 {
   234  			physPageSize = size
   235  		}
   236  		munmap(p, size)
   237  		return
   238  	}
   239  	var buf [128]uintptr
   240  	n = read(fd, noescape(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(buf)))
   241  	closefd(fd)
   242  	if n < 0 {
   243  		return
   244  	}
   245  	// Make sure buf is terminated, even if we didn't read
   246  	// the whole file.
   247  	buf[len(buf)-2] = _AT_NULL
   248  	sysauxv(buf[:])
   249  }
   250  
   251  // startupRandomData holds random bytes initialized at startup. These come from
   252  // the ELF AT_RANDOM auxiliary vector.
   253  var startupRandomData []byte
   254  
   255  func sysauxv(auxv []uintptr) int {
   256  	var i int
   257  	for ; auxv[i] != _AT_NULL; i += 2 {
   258  		tag, val := auxv[i], auxv[i+1]
   259  		switch tag {
   260  		case _AT_RANDOM:
   261  			// The kernel provides a pointer to 16-bytes
   262  			// worth of random data.
   263  			startupRandomData = (*[16]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(val))[:]
   264  
   265  		case _AT_PAGESZ:
   266  			physPageSize = val
   267  		}
   268  
   269  		archauxv(tag, val)
   270  		vdsoauxv(tag, val)
   271  	}
   272  	return i / 2
   273  }
   274  
   275  var sysTHPSizePath = []byte("/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hpage_pmd_size\x00")
   276  
   277  func getHugePageSize() uintptr {
   278  	var numbuf [20]byte
   279  	fd := open(&sysTHPSizePath[0], 0 /* O_RDONLY */, 0)
   280  	if fd < 0 {
   281  		return 0
   282  	}
   283  	ptr := noescape(unsafe.Pointer(&numbuf[0]))
   284  	n := read(fd, ptr, int32(len(numbuf)))
   285  	closefd(fd)
   286  	if n <= 0 {
   287  		return 0
   288  	}
   289  	n-- // remove trailing newline
   290  	v, ok := atoi(slicebytetostringtmp((*byte)(ptr), int(n)))
   291  	if !ok || v < 0 {
   292  		v = 0
   293  	}
   294  	if v&(v-1) != 0 {
   295  		// v is not a power of 2
   296  		return 0
   297  	}
   298  	return uintptr(v)
   299  }
   300  
   301  func osinit() {
   302  	ncpu = getproccount()
   303  	physHugePageSize = getHugePageSize()
   304  	if iscgo {
   305  		// #42494 glibc and musl reserve some signals for
   306  		// internal use and require they not be blocked by
   307  		// the rest of a normal C runtime. When the go runtime
   308  		// blocks...unblocks signals, temporarily, the blocked
   309  		// interval of time is generally very short. As such,
   310  		// these expectations of *libc code are mostly met by
   311  		// the combined go+cgo system of threads. However,
   312  		// when go causes a thread to exit, via a return from
   313  		// mstart(), the combined runtime can deadlock if
   314  		// these signals are blocked. Thus, don't block these
   315  		// signals when exiting threads.
   316  		// - glibc: SIGCANCEL (32), SIGSETXID (33)
   317  		// - musl: SIGTIMER (32), SIGCANCEL (33), SIGSYNCCALL (34)
   318  		sigdelset(&sigsetAllExiting, 32)
   319  		sigdelset(&sigsetAllExiting, 33)
   320  		sigdelset(&sigsetAllExiting, 34)
   321  	}
   322  	osArchInit()
   323  }
   324  
   325  var urandom_dev = []byte("/dev/urandom\x00")
   326  
   327  func getRandomData(r []byte) {
   328  	if startupRandomData != nil {
   329  		n := copy(r, startupRandomData)
   330  		extendRandom(r, n)
   331  		return
   332  	}
   333  	fd := open(&urandom_dev[0], 0 /* O_RDONLY */, 0)
   334  	n := read(fd, unsafe.Pointer(&r[0]), int32(len(r)))
   335  	closefd(fd)
   336  	extendRandom(r, int(n))
   337  }
   338  
   339  func goenvs() {
   340  	goenvs_unix()
   341  }
   342  
   343  // Called to do synchronous initialization of Go code built with
   344  // -buildmode=c-archive or -buildmode=c-shared.
   345  // None of the Go runtime is initialized.
   346  //go:nosplit
   347  //go:nowritebarrierrec
   348  func libpreinit() {
   349  	initsig(true)
   350  }
   351  
   352  // Called to initialize a new m (including the bootstrap m).
   353  // Called on the parent thread (main thread in case of bootstrap), can allocate memory.
   354  func mpreinit(mp *m) {
   355  	mp.gsignal = malg(32 * 1024) // Linux wants >= 2K
   356  	mp.gsignal.m = mp
   357  }
   358  
   359  func gettid() uint32
   360  
   361  // Called to initialize a new m (including the bootstrap m).
   362  // Called on the new thread, cannot allocate memory.
   363  func minit() {
   364  	minitSignals()
   365  
   366  	// Cgo-created threads and the bootstrap m are missing a
   367  	// procid. We need this for asynchronous preemption and it's
   368  	// useful in debuggers.
   369  	getg().m.procid = uint64(gettid())
   370  }
   371  
   372  // Called from dropm to undo the effect of an minit.
   373  //go:nosplit
   374  func unminit() {
   375  	unminitSignals()
   376  }
   377  
   378  // Called from exitm, but not from drop, to undo the effect of thread-owned
   379  // resources in minit, semacreate, or elsewhere. Do not take locks after calling this.
   380  func mdestroy(mp *m) {
   381  }
   382  
   383  //#ifdef GOARCH_386
   384  //#define sa_handler k_sa_handler
   385  //#endif
   386  
   387  func sigreturn()
   388  func sigtramp() // Called via C ABI
   389  func cgoSigtramp()
   390  
   391  //go:noescape
   392  func sigaltstack(new, old *stackt)
   393  
   394  //go:noescape
   395  func setitimer(mode int32, new, old *itimerval)
   396  
   397  //go:noescape
   398  func rtsigprocmask(how int32, new, old *sigset, size int32)
   399  
   400  //go:nosplit
   401  //go:nowritebarrierrec
   402  func sigprocmask(how int32, new, old *sigset) {
   403  	rtsigprocmask(how, new, old, int32(unsafe.Sizeof(*new)))
   404  }
   405  
   406  func raise(sig uint32)
   407  func raiseproc(sig uint32)
   408  
   409  //go:noescape
   410  func sched_getaffinity(pid, len uintptr, buf *byte) int32
   411  func osyield()
   412  
   413  //go:nosplit
   414  func osyield_no_g() {
   415  	osyield()
   416  }
   417  
   418  func pipe() (r, w int32, errno int32)
   419  func pipe2(flags int32) (r, w int32, errno int32)
   420  func setNonblock(fd int32)
   421  
   422  //go:nosplit
   423  //go:nowritebarrierrec
   424  func setsig(i uint32, fn uintptr) {
   425  	var sa sigactiont
   426  	sa.sa_flags = _SA_SIGINFO | _SA_ONSTACK | _SA_RESTORER | _SA_RESTART
   427  	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask)
   428  	// Although Linux manpage says "sa_restorer element is obsolete and
   429  	// should not be used". x86_64 kernel requires it. Only use it on
   430  	// x86.
   431  	if GOARCH == "386" || GOARCH == "amd64" {
   432  		sa.sa_restorer = funcPC(sigreturn)
   433  	}
   434  	if fn == funcPC(sighandler) {
   435  		if iscgo {
   436  			fn = funcPC(cgoSigtramp)
   437  		} else {
   438  			fn = funcPC(sigtramp)
   439  		}
   440  	}
   441  	sa.sa_handler = fn
   442  	sigaction(i, &sa, nil)
   443  }
   444  
   445  //go:nosplit
   446  //go:nowritebarrierrec
   447  func setsigstack(i uint32) {
   448  	var sa sigactiont
   449  	sigaction(i, nil, &sa)
   450  	if sa.sa_flags&_SA_ONSTACK != 0 {
   451  		return
   452  	}
   453  	sa.sa_flags |= _SA_ONSTACK
   454  	sigaction(i, &sa, nil)
   455  }
   456  
   457  //go:nosplit
   458  //go:nowritebarrierrec
   459  func getsig(i uint32) uintptr {
   460  	var sa sigactiont
   461  	sigaction(i, nil, &sa)
   462  	return sa.sa_handler
   463  }
   464  
   465  // setSignaltstackSP sets the ss_sp field of a stackt.
   466  //go:nosplit
   467  func setSignalstackSP(s *stackt, sp uintptr) {
   468  	*(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&s.ss_sp)) = sp
   469  }
   470  
   471  //go:nosplit
   472  func (c *sigctxt) fixsigcode(sig uint32) {
   473  }
   474  
   475  // sysSigaction calls the rt_sigaction system call.
   476  //go:nosplit
   477  func sysSigaction(sig uint32, new, old *sigactiont) {
   478  	if rt_sigaction(uintptr(sig), new, old, unsafe.Sizeof(sigactiont{}.sa_mask)) != 0 {
   479  		// Workaround for bugs in QEMU user mode emulation.
   480  		//
   481  		// QEMU turns calls to the sigaction system call into
   482  		// calls to the C library sigaction call; the C
   483  		// library call rejects attempts to call sigaction for
   484  		// SIGCANCEL (32) or SIGSETXID (33).
   485  		//
   486  		// QEMU rejects calling sigaction on SIGRTMAX (64).
   487  		//
   488  		// Just ignore the error in these case. There isn't
   489  		// anything we can do about it anyhow.
   490  		if sig != 32 && sig != 33 && sig != 64 {
   491  			// Use system stack to avoid split stack overflow on ppc64/ppc64le.
   492  			systemstack(func() {
   493  				throw("sigaction failed")
   494  			})
   495  		}
   496  	}
   497  }
   498  
   499  // rt_sigaction is implemented in assembly.
   500  //go:noescape
   501  func rt_sigaction(sig uintptr, new, old *sigactiont, size uintptr) int32
   502  
   503  func getpid() int
   504  func tgkill(tgid, tid, sig int)
   505  
   506  // signalM sends a signal to mp.
   507  func signalM(mp *m, sig int) {
   508  	tgkill(getpid(), int(mp.procid), sig)
   509  }
   510  

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